1. Impamvu za EMC n'ingamba zo kwirinda
Muri moteri zikoresha uburoso butagira uburoso bwinshi, ibibazo bya EMC akenshi biba ari byo byibandwaho kandi bigoranye mu mushinga wose, kandi inzira yo gutunganya EMC yose ifata igihe kinini. Kubwibyo, tugomba kubanza kumenya neza impamvu zituma EMC irenga urugero n'uburyo bwo gutunganya bujyanye nabyo.
Gutunganya EMC ahanini bitangira mu byerekezo bitatu:
- Kunoza isoko y'ingaruka mbi
Mu kugenzura moteri zikoresha uburoso butagira umuvuduko mwinshi, isoko y'ingenzi y'ingaruka mbi ni uruziga rw'imodoka rugizwe n'ibikoresho byo guhinduranya nka MOS na IGBT. Bitagize ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri yihuta cyane, kugabanya umuvuduko wa MCU, kugabanya umuvuduko wo guhinduranya umuyoboro, no guhitamo umuyoboro ukoresha ibipimo bikwiye bishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi za EMC.
- Kugabanya inzira yo guhuza isoko y'imyivumbagatanyo
Gukoresha neza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gutunganya PCBA bishobora kunoza EMC neza, kandi guhuza imirongo bizatera imbogamizi nyinshi. Cyane cyane ku mirongo y'ibimenyetso ifite umurongo munini, gerageza kwirinda ibimenyetso birema imiyoboro n'imirongo ikora antene. Nibiba ngombwa ushobora kongera urwego rwo kurinda kugira ngo ugabanye guhuza.
- Uburyo bwo gukumira ihungabana
Ikoreshwa cyane mu kunoza EMC ni ubwoko butandukanye bwa inductances na capacitors, kandi ibipimo bikwiye bitoranywa mu bijyanye n’interferences zitandukanye. Capacitor Y na inductance common mode ni ibyo gukoresha common mode interferences, naho capacitor X ni ibyo gukoresha differential mode interferences. Impeta ya magnetic inductance nayo igabanyijemo impeta ya magnetic frequency nyinshi n’impeta ya magnetic frequency low, kandi ubwoko bubiri bwa inductances bugomba kongerwamo icyarimwe igihe bibaye ngombwa.
2. Akamenyetso ko gutunganya EMC
Mu rwego rwo kunoza EMC ya moteri idafite uburoso ya 100.000-rpm y'ikigo cyacu, dore ingingo z'ingenzi nizeye ko zizafasha buri wese.
Kugira ngo moteri igere ku muvuduko wo hejuru wa revolutions ibihumbi ijana, frequency ya mbere ya carrier ishyirwa kuri 40KHZ, ikubye kabiri izindi moteri. Muri iki gihe, ubundi buryo bwo kunoza ntabwo bwashoboye kunoza neza EMC. Frequency igabanuka ikagera kuri 30KHZ kandi umubare w'igihe cyo guhindura MOS ugabanukaho 1/3 mbere yuko habaho iterambere rigaragara. Muri icyo gihe, byagaragaye ko Trr (igihe cyo gusubiza inyuma) cya diode ya MOS igira ingaruka kuri EMC, maze MOS ifite igihe cyo gusubiza inyuma cyihuse yaratoranijwe. Amakuru y'ikizamini ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo. Intera ya 500KHZ ~ 1MHZ yiyongereyeho hafi 3dB kandi imiterere y'umuvuduko yagabanutse:
Bitewe n'imiterere yihariye ya PCBA, hari imiyoboro ibiri y'amashanyarazi ifite ingufu nyinshi igomba guhuzwa n'indi miyoboro y'ibimenyetso. Nyuma y'uko umurongo ufite ingufu nyinshi uhinduwe ukajya mu miyoboro ihindagurika, ubwivanganzo hagati y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi buba buto cyane. Amakuru y'igerageza ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, kandi ingano ya 24MHZ yiyongereyeho hafi 3dB:
Muri iki gihe, hakoreshwa inductor ebyiri zisanzwe, imwe muri zo ikaba ari impeta ya rukuruzi ifite frequency nke, ifite inductance ya hafi 50mH, ituma EMC irushaho kuba nziza mu rugero rwa 500KHZ ~ 2MHZ. Indi ni impeta ya rukuruzi ifite frequency nyinshi, ifite inductance ya hafi 60uH, ituma EMC irushaho kuba nziza mu rugero rwa 30MHZ ~ 50MHZ.
Amakuru y'igerageza ry'impeta ya rukuruzi ifite frequency nke agaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, kandi ingano rusange yongereweho 2dB mu ntera iri hagati ya 300KHZ ~ 30MHZ:
Amakuru y'igerageza ry'impeta ya rukuruzi ifite frequency yo hejuru agaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, kandi ingano yiyongereyeho dB zirenga 10:
Ndizera ko buri wese ashobora kungurana ibitekerezo no gutekereza ku bijyanye no kunoza EMC, no kubona igisubizo cyiza mu igeragezwa rihoraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-07-2023